Readers Guide
Introduction to The ACT Exam
The ACT exam is a crucial component of the college admissions process in the United States. It assesses high school students’ academic readiness for college through sections on English, mathematics, reading, and science, with an optional writing section.
1.0 Understanding the ACT Exam/Test
1.1 Purpose of the ACT
The ACT test is designed to measure a high school student’s preparedness for college-level work. It evaluates skills in English, mathematics, reading, and science reasoning. Additionally, the optional writing section assesses writing skills. The ACT test is widely accepted by colleges and universities across the United States and is a critical component of the college admissions process. The test serves as a benchmark for comparing applicants’ qualifications, helping admissions officers make informed decisions. The ACT also provides students with a standardized metric to showcase their academic abilities.
1.2 History of the ACT
The ACT Exam/test was first introduced in 1959 by Everett Franklin Lindquist, an education professor at the University of Iowa. Lindquist aimed to create an alternative to the SAT, focusing on testing students’ knowledge of school-taught subjects rather than aptitude. Over the decades, the ACT has evolved, incorporating changes to better assess students’ readiness for college and align with current educational standards. The introduction of the optional writing section in 2005 was a significant update, reflecting the increasing importance of writing skills in academic and professional settings.
1.3 Importance of the ACT
The ACT plays a crucial role in the college admissions process. A high ACT score can enhance a student’s application, potentially leading to acceptance at more selective colleges and universities. Additionally, many scholarship programs use ACT scores as part of their selection criteria, making the test an essential component of securing financial aid. Beyond admissions and scholarships, the ACT helps students identify their academic strengths and weaknesses, guiding their preparation for college-level coursework.
2.0 ACT Exam/Test Structure
2.1 Overview of Test Sections
The ACT is divided into four main sections: English, Math, Reading, and Science, with an optional Writing section. Each section is timed and scored separately, contributing to a composite score.
2.2 English Section
The English section tests grammar, punctuation, sentence structure, and rhetorical skills. It consists of 75 questions to be completed in 45 minutes. The questions are based on five passages, each accompanied by multiple-choice questions that require students to identify and correct errors, improve sentence structure, and enhance the overall flow of the text.
2.3 Mathematics Section of ACT Exam
The Math section covers a range of topics, including algebra, geometry, and trigonometry. It consists of 60 questions to be completed in 60 minutes. The questions are designed to assess students’ problem-solving abilities and their understanding of mathematical concepts. Calculators are permitted, but students should be familiar with both calculator and non-calculator problem-solving techniques.
2.4 Reading Section
The Reading section assesses comprehension skills through 40 questions to be completed in 35 minutes. Students are presented with four passages from prose fiction, social science, humanities, and natural science. Each passage is followed by multiple-choice questions that test students’ ability to understand and interpret the text.
2.5 Science Section
The Science section evaluates scientific reasoning skills through 40 questions to be completed in 35 minutes. The questions are based on seven passages that present scientific data and hypotheses. Students must interpret graphs, analyze experiments, and draw conclusions based on the information provided. The section does not test specific scientific knowledge but rather the ability to apply scientific reasoning.
2.6 Optional Writing Section
The optional Writing section requires students to write an essay in 40 minutes. Students are given a prompt that presents an issue and three different perspectives on that issue. They must develop their own perspective, analyze the relationship between their perspective and at least one of the provided perspectives, and support their argument with logical reasoning and examples. The essay is scored separately from the other sections.
3.0 Registration and Test Dates
3.1 Registration Process
Registering for the ACT involves choosing a test date and location, completing the registration form, and paying the registration fee. Students can register online through the ACT website or by mail. During registration, students must provide personal information, select their preferred test center, and indicate whether they will take the optional Writing section. It is essential to register early to secure a spot at the preferred test center.
3.2 Test Dates and Deadlines
The ACT is offered multiple times a year, typically in February, April, June, July, September, October, and December. It is crucial to be aware of ACT registration deadlines to avoid late fees. Registration deadlines are usually about a month before the test date, with late registration available for an additional fee. Students should plan their registration and preparation schedules accordingly to ensure they are ready for the test date.
3.3 Choosing a Test Date
When selecting a test date, students should consider their academic and extracurricular schedules. It is important to choose a date that allows ample time for preparation and does not conflict with other commitments. Additionally, students should plan to take the test early enough to meet college application deadlines. Some students may choose to take the ACT more than once to improve their scores, so planning for multiple test dates may be beneficial.
4.0 Preparing for the ACT Exam
4.1 Importance of Preparation
Effective ACT test preparation is crucial for achieving a high score. Preparation helps students become familiar with the test format, question types, and timing. It also allows students to identify and address their strengths and weaknesses, leading to more targeted and efficient studying. A well-prepared student is more likely to perform confidently and accurately on test day.
4.2 Creating a Study Schedule
Creating a study schedule is vital for systematic ACT preparation. A well-structured plan ensures that all test sections are adequately covered over a manageable timeline. Students should start by assessing their current knowledge and skills in each section. Based on this assessment, they can allocate more time to areas where they need improvement. A balanced study schedule includes regular practice, review, and breaks to avoid burnout.
4.3 Using Practice Questions
Practicing with real ACT test practice questions helps students become familiar with the types of questions they will encounter, enhancing their test-taking skills. Practice questions provide insight into the format and difficulty level of the test. Students should aim to complete practice questions under timed conditions to simulate the actual test experience. Reviewing the answers and explanations helps identify mistakes and understand the reasoning behind correct answers.
4.4 Familiarizing with the Test Format
Understanding the test format is essential for effective preparation. Students should become familiar with the structure of each section, the types of questions, and the timing. This knowledge helps reduce anxiety and improve time management during the test. Taking full-length practice tests is a valuable way to get accustomed to the test format and build stamina for the actual exam.
5.0 ACT Exam/Test Preparation
5.1 Self-Study
Self-study is a flexible and cost-effective option for ACT preparation. Students can create their own study plans and use a variety of resources, such as ACT prep books, online materials, and practice tests. Self-study requires discipline and motivation, as students must manage their own study schedules and stay on track.
5.2 Online Courses
Online ACT prep courses provide structured learning and flexibility. Many platforms offer comprehensive courses that include video lessons, practice questions, and personalized feedback. Online prep is ideal for students with busy schedules, as it allows them to access materials from any location and at any time. The interactive nature of online prep can also enhance engagement and motivation.
5.3 In-Person Classes
In-person ACT prep classes offer structured learning environments and expert instruction. These classes are typically held at schools, tutoring centers, or educational institutions. Students benefit from direct interaction with instructors, collaborative learning with peers, and immediate feedback. In-person classes are ideal for students who thrive in a classroom setting and prefer face-to-face instruction.
5.4 ACT Study Guides and Prep Books
Using ACT study guides and prep books is a common and effective preparation strategy. These resources provide comprehensive content review, practice questions, and test-taking strategies. Many prep books include full-length practice tests and detailed explanations for each question. Students should choose high-quality, reputable study guides and prep books that align with their learning style and needs.
6.0 ACT Exam Tips
6.1 Understanding the Test Format
To excel on the ACT, students should thoroughly understand the test format. This includes knowing the number of questions, the types of questions, and the time limits for each section. Familiarity with the format helps students approach the test with confidence and reduces the likelihood of being caught off guard by unfamiliar question types.
6.2 Practicing Time Management
Time management is critical for success on the ACT. Students should practice completing sections within the allotted time to develop a sense of pacing. Techniques such as answering easier questions first and returning to more challenging ones later can help manage time effectively. Regular practice under timed conditions helps students build the endurance needed to maintain focus throughout the test.
6.3 Taking Multiple Practice Tests
Taking multiple practice tests is one of the most effective ways to prepare for the ACT. Practice tests simulate the actual test experience, helping students build test-taking stamina and become familiar with the format. After each practice test, students should review their performance, identify areas for improvement, and adjust their study plans accordingly. Regular practice tests also help track progress and build confidence.
6.4 Developing Test-Taking Strategies
Effective test-taking strategies can significantly impact ACT scores. These strategies include reading instructions carefully, eliminating obviously incorrect answers, and making educated guesses when unsure. Students should also practice staying calm and focused during the test, managing test anxiety, and maintaining a positive attitude. Developing and practicing these strategies helps maximize performance on test day.
7.0 ACT Exam Study Schedule
7.1 Importance of a Study Schedule
Creating a study schedule is vital for systematic ACT preparation. A well-structured plan ensures that all test sections are adequately covered over a manageable timeline. Students should start by assessing their current knowledge and skills in each section. Based on this assessment, they can allocate more time to areas where they need improvement. A balanced study schedule includes regular practice, review, and breaks to avoid burnout.
7.2 Assessing Strengths and Weaknesses
Before creating a study schedule, students should assess their strengths and weaknesses in each ACT section. This assessment helps identify areas that require more focus and allows for targeted preparation. Diagnostic tests, self-assessments, and feedback from practice questions can provide valuable insights into areas that need improvement.
7.3 Setting Realistic Goals
Setting realistic goals is essential for effective preparation. Students should establish specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) goals for their ACT preparation. These goals may include target scores for each section, the number of practice questions to complete each week, and milestones for content review. Setting and achieving these goals helps maintain motivation and track progress.
7.4 Allocating Study Time
Allocating study time effectively is crucial for comprehensive preparation. Students should create a study schedule that balances time across all sections of the ACT. This schedule should include regular study sessions, practice tests, and review periods. It’s important to allocate more time to challenging areas while ensuring that all sections are adequately covered.
7.5 Incorporating Breaks and Relaxation
Incorporating breaks and relaxation into the study schedule is essential to avoid burnout and maintain focus. Regular breaks help improve concentration and productivity. Students should schedule short breaks during study sessions and longer breaks between study periods. Activities such as exercise, hobbies, and relaxation techniques can help reduce stress and enhance overall well-being.
8.0 ACT Exam/Test Practice Questions
8.1 Importance of Practice Questions
Practicing with real ACT test practice questions helps students become familiar with the types of questions they will encounter, enhancing their test-taking skills. Practice questions provide insight into the format and difficulty level of the test. Students should aim to complete practice questions under timed conditions to simulate the actual test experience. Reviewing the answers and explanations helps identify mistakes and understand the reasoning behind correct answers.
8.2 Types of Practice Questions
ACT Exam practice questions come in various formats, including multiple-choice questions, passage-based questions, and math problems. Each section of the ACT has specific question types that test different skills. For example, the English section includes questions on grammar and punctuation, while the Math section includes algebra and geometry problems. Familiarizing oneself with these question types is essential for effective preparation.
8.3 Sources of Practice Questions
There are numerous sources of ACT Exam practice questions, including official ACT prep materials, prep books, online resources, and tutoring services. The ACT website offers free practice questions and official practice tests. Additionally, many educational publishers produce ACT prep books with practice questions and explanations. Online platforms and tutoring services also provide access to extensive question banks and personalized practice.
8.4 Simulating Test Conditions
Practicing under simulated test conditions is crucial for building test-taking stamina and familiarity with the exam format. Students should complete practice questions and full-length practice tests under timed conditions, replicating the actual test environment. This practice helps develop pacing skills and reduces anxiety on test day. It’s important to create a quiet, distraction-free space for practice sessions to mimic the test center conditions.
9.0 ACT Exam Prep Online
9.1 Benefits of Online Prep
Online ACT prep resources provide flexibility and convenience, allowing students to study at their own pace. Many platforms offer comprehensive courses that include practice questions, video lessons, and personalized feedback. Online prep is ideal for students with busy schedules, as it allows them to access materials from any location and at any time. The interactive nature of online prep can also enhance engagement and motivation.
9.2 Choosing an Online Prep Course
When choosing an online ACT prep course, students should consider factors such as course content, instructional quality, practice questions, and pricing. It’s important to select a course that aligns with the student’s learning style and preparation needs. Reading reviews and comparing different courses can help identify the best options. Some online courses offer free trials or money-back guarantees, providing additional assurance of quality.
9.3 Features of Online Prep Courses
High-quality online ACT prep courses offer a range of features to support effective preparation. These features may include video lessons, interactive quizzes, practice questions, full-length practice tests, progress tracking, and personalized feedback. Some courses also offer live tutoring sessions and discussion forums for additional support. The best courses are designed to provide a comprehensive and engaging learning experience.
9.4 Maximizing Online Prep
To maximize the benefits of online ACT prep, students should create a structured study plan and stick to a regular study schedule. It’s important to actively engage with the course materials, complete practice questions, and review explanations. Participating in live sessions and discussion forums can provide additional insights and support. Consistent effort and dedication are key to achieving significant improvements through online prep.
10.0 ACT Exam/Test Strategies
10.1 Reading Instructions Carefully
One of the most important test-taking strategies is reading instructions carefully. Students should take the time to understand the instructions for each section and each question type. Misinterpreting instructions can lead to errors and lost points. Carefully reading and following instructions ensures that students answer questions correctly and maximize their scores.
10.2 Eliminating Wrong Answers
Eliminating obviously incorrect answers is a valuable strategy for multiple-choice questions. By narrowing down the choices, students increase their chances of selecting the correct answer. This technique is especially useful when students are unsure of the correct answer. Eliminating wrong answers helps make educated guesses more effective and improves overall accuracy.
10.3 Making Educated Guesses
Making educated guesses is an important strategy when students are unsure of the correct answer. The ACT does not penalize for incorrect answers, so it’s always better to guess than to leave a question blank. Students should use their knowledge and reasoning skills to eliminate wrong answers and choose the most likely correct answer. Practice and familiarity with the test format can enhance the effectiveness of educated guesses.
10.4 Managing Test Anxiety
Managing test anxiety is crucial for optimal performance on the ACT. Anxiety can negatively impact concentration and accuracy. Students should practice relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing and visualisation, to stay calm during the test. Developing a positive mindset and focusing on preparation rather than outcome can also help reduce anxiety. Regular practice and familiarity with the test format build confidence and reduce stress.
11.0 ACT Exam Score Range
11.1 Understanding the Score Range
Understanding the ACT score range helps students set realistic goals. The composite score ranges from 1 to 36, with section scores also falling within this range. Each section (English, Math, Reading, and Science) is scored on a scale of 1 to 36, and the composite score is the average of these four section scores. The Writing section is scored separately on a scale of 2 to 12.
11.2 Interpreting Scores
Interpreting ACT scores involves understanding the percentile ranks and college readiness benchmarks. Percentile ranks indicate how a student’s score compares to those of other test-takers. For example, a score in the 75th percentile means the student scored higher than 75% of test-takers. College readiness benchmarks are scores that indicate a student’s likelihood of success in first-year college courses. These benchmarks vary by section and provide valuable insights into academic preparedness.
11.3 Setting Target for The ACT Scores
Setting target scores is an important part of ACT preparation. Students should research the average ACT scores of admitted students at their target colleges and set realistic goals based on this information. Setting target scores helps guide preparation and provides motivation. It’s important to aim for scores that are competitive but achievable based on the student’s abilities and preparation level.
11.4 Score Improvement Strategies
Score improvement strategies involve focused preparation and practice. Students should identify areas of weakness and allocate more time to improving these areas. Practice questions, review sessions, and targeted study plans can help address weaknesses and build skills. Regular practice tests help track progress and refine strategies. Consistent effort and a positive mindset are key to achieving significant score improvements.
12.0 ACT Test Locations
12.1 Choosing a Test Center
The ACT is administered at various testing locations worldwide. Selecting a convenient test center can help reduce pre-test stress. Students should choose a test center that is easily accessible and familiar. It’s important to visit the test center in advance to understand the location and facilities. Choosing a test center with a comfortable and quiet testing environment can enhance performance.
12.2 ACT Exam/Test Center Availability
Test center availability may vary based on location and test date. Some test centers fill up quickly, especially on popular test dates. It’s important to register early to secure a spot at the preferred test center. If the preferred test center is full, students may need to choose an alternative location or date. Checking test center availability in advance helps plan accordingly.
12.3 Travel Considerations
When selecting a test center, students should consider travel time and logistics. Choosing a test center that is close to home or school can reduce travel time and stress on test day. If traveling a significant distance, students should plan their route and allow extra time for potential delays. Arriving at the test center early ensures a smooth check-in process and allows time to settle in before the test begins.
12.4 Test Day Preparation
Preparing for test day involves more than just studying. Students should gather all necessary materials, such as their admission ticket, photo ID, pencils, erasers, and an approved calculator. It’s important to get a good night’s sleep before the test and eat a healthy breakfast on test day. Arriving early at the test center helps reduce stress and allows time to review last-minute notes.
13.0 ACT Exam Registration Deadlines
13.1 Importance of Registration Deadlines
Being aware of ACT registration deadlines ensures timely registration and avoids late fees. It’s important to mark these dates on your calendar and register as early as possible. Early registration also provides a better chance of securing a spot at the preferred test center.
13.2 Regular Registration vs. Late Registration
The ACT offers both regular and late registration periods. Regular registration deadlines are typically about a month before the test date, while late registration is available for an additional fee. It’s best to register during the regular period to avoid extra costs and potential complications.
13.3 How to Register
Students can register for the ACT online through the ACT through us. Our online registration is the most convenient and quickest method. During the registration process, students must provide personal information, choose a test date and center, and indicate whether they will take the optional Writing section.
13.4 Registration Fees and Waivers
The registration fee for the ACT includes the cost of the test and, if chosen, the optional Writing section. Fee waivers are available for eligible students who demonstrate financial need. Students can apply for a fee waiver through their high school counsellor.
14.0 ACT Exam Dates
14.1 Choosing an Exam Date
The ACT is offered multiple times a year, typically in February, April, June, July, September, October, and December. When selecting an exam date, students should consider their academic and extracurricular schedules to ensure ample preparation time.
14.2 Planning Your Preparation
Knowing the ACT exam dates allows students to plan their preparation schedule accordingly. It’s important to start studying well in advance and create a study plan that includes regular practice and review sessions.
14.3 Retaking the ACT Exam
Some students may choose to take the ACT more than once to improve their scores. Planning for multiple test dates can provide opportunities to address weaknesses and build confidence. It’s important to analyze previous test performances and adjust study strategies for subsequent attempts.
14.4 Registering for Multiple Dates
Students can register for multiple ACT test dates during the same registration period. This strategy ensures that they have backup options if they need to retake the test. It’s important to manage study schedules and maintain consistent preparation between test dates.
15.0 Best ACT Prep Courses
15.1 Importance of ACT Prep Courses
Enrolling in one of the best ACT prep courses can provide structured learning and expert guidance, which are beneficial for effective preparation. Prep courses offer comprehensive content review, practice questions, and test-taking strategies.
15.2 Factors to Consider
When choosing a prep course, students should consider factors such as course content, instructional quality, practice materials, and pricing. Reading reviews and comparing different courses can help identify the best options.
15.3 Types of ACT Prep Courses
There are various types of ACT prep courses, including online courses, in-person classes, and hybrid options. Each type has its own advantages and can cater to different learning styles and schedules.
15.4 Maximizing Prep Course Benefits
To maximize the benefits of a prep course, students should actively engage with the materials, participate in interactive sessions, and complete all assigned practice questions and tests. Regular attendance and consistent effort are key to achieving significant improvements.
16.0 ACT Exam Practice
16.1 Importance of Practice ACT Exams
Taking ACT practice exams is one of the most effective ways to prepare. Practice exams simulate the actual test, helping students build endurance and improve their time management skills.
16.2 Simulating Test Conditions
To get the most out of practice exams, students should take them under timed conditions in a quiet, distraction-free environment. This practice helps develop pacing skills and reduces anxiety on test day.
16.3 Reviewing Practice ACT Exams
After completing practice exams, students should thoroughly review their answers, identify mistakes, and understand the reasoning behind correct answers. This review process helps identify areas for improvement and refine test-taking strategies.
16.4 Tracking Progress
Regularly taking practice exams helps track progress and build confidence. Students should compare their scores over time to monitor improvements and adjust their study plans accordingly.
17.0 ACT Exam/Test Taking Tips
17.1 Preparing for Test Day
Preparing for test day involves more than just studying. Students should gather all necessary materials, such as their admission ticket, photo ID, pencils, erasers, and an approved calculator. It’s important to get a good night’s sleep before the test and eat a healthy breakfast on test day.
17.2 Managing Time Effectively
Time management is critical for success on the ACT. Students should practice completing sections within the allotted time to develop a sense of pacing. Techniques such as answering easier questions first and returning to more challenging ones later can help manage time effectively.
17.3 Staying Calm and Focused
Managing test anxiety is crucial for optimal performance on the ACT. Anxiety can negatively impact concentration and accuracy. Students should practice relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing and visualization, to stay calm during the test. Developing a positive mindset and focusing on preparation rather than outcome can also help reduce anxiety.
17.4 Reviewing Answers
If time permits, students should review their answers before submitting the test. Double-checking answers helps catch and correct any mistakes or misinterpretations. It’s important to review instructions and ensure all questions have been answered.
18.0 ACT Math Review
18.1 Topics Covered
The ACT Math section covers a range of topics, including algebra, geometry, and trigonometry. It consists of 60 questions to be completed in 60 minutes. The questions are designed to assess students’ problem-solving abilities and their understanding of mathematical concepts.
18.2 Key Concepts
Students should review key math concepts such as equations, inequalities, functions, coordinate geometry, plane geometry, and trigonometry. Mastery of these topics is essential for success on the ACT Math section.
18.3 Problem-Solving Strategies
Effective problem-solving strategies can significantly impact ACT Math scores. These strategies include understanding the question, identifying relevant information, and applying appropriate mathematical techniques. Practice and familiarity with different problem types enhance problem-solving skills.
18.4 Calculator Use
Calculators are permitted in the ACT Math section, but students should be familiar with both calculator and non-calculator problem-solving techniques. Knowing when and how to use a calculator efficiently can save time and reduce errors.
19.0 ACT English Grammar Rules
19.1 Importance of Grammar
The ACT English section tests grammar, punctuation, sentence structure, and rhetorical skills. It consists of 75 questions to be completed in 45 minutes. The questions are based on five passages, each accompanied by multiple-choice questions that require students to identify and correct errors, improve sentence structure, and enhance the overall flow of the text.
19.2 Key Grammar Rules
Students should review key grammar rules such as subject-verb agreement, verb tenses, pronoun usage, modifiers, and parallelism. Mastery of these rules is essential for success on the ACT English section.
19.3 Punctuation
Punctuation is an important aspect of the ACT English section. Students should be familiar with the proper use of commas, semicolons, colons, dashes, and apostrophes. Understanding punctuation rules helps improve clarity and accuracy in writing.
19.4 Rhetorical Skills
In addition to grammar and punctuation, the ACT English section tests rhetorical skills. Students should practice improving sentence structure, coherence, and overall flow of passages. Understanding how to enhance the effectiveness of writing is crucial for success.
20. ACT Exam Science Section Tips
20.1 Understanding the Science Section
The ACT Science section evaluates scientific reasoning skills through 40 questions to be completed in 35 minutes. The questions are based on seven passages that present scientific data and hypotheses. Students must interpret graphs, analyze experiments, and draw conclusions based on the information provided. The section does not test specific scientific knowledge but rather the ability to apply scientific reasoning.
20.2 Interpreting Graphs and Charts
A significant portion of the ACT Science section involves interpreting graphs, charts, and tables. Students should practice analyzing data representations and understanding the relationships between variables. Familiarity with different types of graphs and charts is essential.
20.3 Analyzing Experiments
The ACT Science section includes questions that require students to analyze experiments. Students should practice identifying variables, understanding experimental design, and drawing conclusions based on experimental data. Critical thinking and logical reasoning are key skills for this section.
20.4 Understanding Scientific Theories
Some questions in the ACT Science section involve understanding and evaluating scientific theories and hypotheses. Students should practice reading and interpreting scientific passages, identifying key concepts, and comparing different perspectives. Developing these skills helps improve performance on the science section.
21.0 ACT Exam Reading Comprehension
21.1 Importance of Reading Comprehension
The ACT Reading section assesses comprehension skills through 40 questions to be completed in 35 minutes. Students are presented with four passages from prose fiction, social science, humanities, and natural science. Each passage is followed by multiple-choice questions that test students’ ability to understand and interpret the text.
21.2 Skimming and Scanning
Effective reading comprehension strategies include skimming and scanning. Skimming involves quickly reading through a passage to get a general idea of the content, while scanning involves looking for specific information or keywords. These techniques help improve reading speed and comprehension.
21.3 Identifying Main Ideas
Identifying the main ideas of passages is crucial for success on the ACT Reading section. Students should practice summarizing the main points and understanding the overall message of each passage. Recognizing the author’s purpose and tone also helps answer questions accurately.
21.4 Answering Detail Questions
Detail questions require students to find and interpret specific information from the passage. Practicing these types of questions helps improve attention to detail and accuracy. Students should refer back to the passage and carefully read the relevant sections to find the correct answers.
22.0 ACT Writing Prompts
22.1 Understanding the Writing Section
The optional ACT Writing section requires students to write an essay in 40 minutes. Students are given a prompt that presents an issue and three different perspectives on that issue. They must develop their own perspective, analyze the relationship between their perspective and at least one of the provided perspectives, and support their argument with logical reasoning and examples. The essay is scored separately from the other sections.
22.2 Developing a Thesis
A strong thesis is the foundation of a good ACT essay. Students should practice developing clear, concise, and arguable thesis statements that directly address the prompt. The thesis should present the student’s perspective and outline the main points that will be discussed in the essay.
22.3 Structuring the Essay
A well-structured essay includes an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. The introduction should present the thesis and provide context for the argument. Each body paragraph should focus on a specific point, supported by evidence and examples. The conclusion should summarize the main points and restate the thesis in light of the discussion.
22.4 Analyzing Perspectives
The ACT Writing section requires students to analyze different perspectives on an issue. Students should practice identifying the strengths and weaknesses of each perspective and comparing them to their own. Understanding and addressing counter arguments strengthens the overall argument.
23.0 ACT Exam Score Calculator
23.1 Importance of Score Estimation
Using an ACT score calculator helps estimate potential scores based on practice test results, aiding in setting realistic goals. Understanding how scores are calculated provides valuable insights into performance and areas for improvement.
23.2 How to Use a Score Calculator
Students can use an ACT score calculator by entering their raw scores for each section (English, Math, Reading, and Science). The calculator then converts these raw scores into scaled scores and calculates the composite score. Some calculators also provide percentile ranks and college readiness benchmarks.
23.3 Tracking Progress
Regularly using a score calculator helps track progress and build confidence. Students should compare their scores over time to monitor improvements and adjust their study plans accordingly. Tracking progress provides motivation and helps set achievable goals.
23.4 Setting Realistic Goals
Setting realistic goals based on score estimates is an important part of ACT preparation. Students should aim for scores that are competitive but achievable based on their abilities and preparation level. Understanding the score range and benchmarks helps set appropriate goals.
24.0 How to Study for the ACT Exam
24.1 Creating a Study Plan
Effective study techniques include creating a study plan, using a variety of resources, and taking regular practice tests. A well-structured study plan ensures that all test sections are adequately covered over a manageable timeline.
24.2 Using Multiple Resources
Using a variety of resources, such as prep books, online courses, practice questions, and tutoring services, enhances preparation. Different resources provide different perspectives and approaches to test content and strategies.
24.3 Regular Practice
Regular practice is essential for building skills and confidence. Students should complete practice questions and full-length practice tests under timed conditions to simulate the actual test experience. Reviewing answers and explanations helps identify mistakes and understand the reasoning behind correct answers.
24.4 Seeking Support
Seeking support from teachers, tutors, and peers can provide valuable insights and motivation. Group study sessions and discussion forums offer opportunities to share knowledge and strategies. Personalized tutoring services can address individual weaknesses and provide targeted support.
25.0 ACT Test Exam Difficulty
25.1 Understanding Test Difficulty
Understanding the relative difficulty of the ACT can help students prepare more effectively. Each section presents unique challenges that require specific strategies. The ACT is designed to test a range of skills and knowledge, making it a comprehensive and rigorous exam.
25.2 Comparing Sections
Different sections of the ACT may be more challenging for different students. For example, some students may find the Math section more difficult, while others may struggle with the Reading section. Identifying and addressing these challenges is crucial for effective preparation.
25.3 Difficulty Levels of Questions
The difficulty level of questions within each section can vary. Some questions may be straightforward and easy, while others may be complex and challenging. Practicing a variety of question types helps build the skills needed to tackle questions of varying difficulty.
25.4 Strategies for Difficult Questions
Effective strategies for difficult questions include breaking down the problem, identifying relevant information, and applying logical reasoning. Making educated guesses and eliminating wrong answers can also improve accuracy. Regular practice and familiarity with the test format enhance the ability to handle difficult questions.
26.0 Free ACT Prep Resources
26.1 Importance of Free Resources
Many free ACT prep resources are available online, including practice questions, study guides, and full-length practice tests. These resources provide valuable preparation tools without incurring additional costs.
26.2 Official ACT Exam Resources
The official ACT website offers free practice questions, study guides, and practice tests. These resources are created by the test makers and provide an accurate representation of the test format and content.
26.3 Online Platforms
Numerous online platforms offer free ACT prep materials, including Khan Academy, PrepScholar, and Magoosh. These platforms provide video lessons, practice questions, and study tips. Exploring different platforms helps find resources that align with individual learning styles.
26.4 Library and School Resources
Many libraries and schools offer free ACT prep books and materials. Students should take advantage of these resources to supplement their preparation. Teachers and school counselors can also provide guidance and support.
27.0 ACT Prep Classes
27.1 Benefits of Prep Classes
ACT prep classes offer structured learning environments and expert instruction, which can be beneficial for comprehensive preparation. These classes provide content review, practice questions, and test-taking strategies.
27.2 Types of Prep Classes
There are various types of ACT prep classes, including in-person classes, online classes, and hybrid options. Each type has its own advantages and can cater to different learning styles and schedules.
27.3 Choosing a Prep Class
When choosing a prep class, students should consider factors such as class size, instructional quality, practice materials, and pricing. Reading reviews and comparing different classes can help identify the best options.
27.4 Maximizing Class Benefits
To maximize the benefits of a prep class, students should actively engage with the materials, participate in interactive sessions, and complete all assigned practice questions and tests. Regular attendance and consistent effort are key to achieving significant improvements.
28.0 ACT Tutoring Services
28.1 Benefits of Tutoring
Personalized tutoring services can provide targeted support and address individual weaknesses, enhancing overall preparation. Tutors offer expert guidance, customized study plans, and one-on-one instruction.
28.2 Choosing a Tutor
When choosing a tutor, students should consider factors such as the tutor’s qualifications, experience, and teaching style. It’s important to select a tutor who understands the student’s needs and can provide effective support.
28.3 Tutoring Formats
Tutoring services are available in various formats, including in-person tutoring, online tutoring, and group tutoring. Each format has its own advantages and can cater to different preferences and schedules.
28.4 Maximizing Tutoring Sessions
To maximize the benefits of tutoring sessions, students should actively participate, ask questions, and complete assigned practice questions and tests. Regular communication with the tutor helps address any concerns and refine study strategies.
29.0 ACT Exam Score Improvement
29.1 Importance of Score Improvement
Focused preparation and practice can lead to significant ACT score improvement. Setting specific goals and tracking progress is key to achieving desired scores.
29.2 Identifying Weaknesses
Identifying areas of weakness is crucial for targeted improvement. Students should analyze practice test results and seek feedback to pinpoint specific areas that need attention.
29.3 Developing a Study Plan
Developing a study plan that addresses weaknesses and builds on strengths is essential for score improvement. The plan should include regular practice, review sessions, and practice tests.
29.4 Tracking Progress
Regularly tracking progress helps monitor improvements and adjust study plans accordingly. Students should compare their scores over time and celebrate small achievements to stay motivated.
30.0 ACT vs SAT Comparison
30.1 Understanding the Differences
Comparing the ACT and SAT can help students decide which test is more suited to their strengths and college application strategy. While both tests are used for college admissions, they have different formats, content, and scoring.
30.2 Test Structure
The ACT includes sections on English, Math, Reading, and Science, with an optional Writing section. The SAT includes sections on Evidence-Based Reading and Writing, Math, and an optional Essay. Understanding the structure of each test helps determine which one aligns better with the student’s abilities.
30.3 Question Types
The ACT tends to have more straightforward questions, while the SAT includes questions that require more critical thinking and problem-solving. Students should practice both types of questions to identify which test they find more manageable.
30.4 Scoring
The ACT composite score ranges from 1 to 36, while the SAT score ranges from 400 to 1600. Students should understand the scoring systems and how scores are used in college admissions. Researching the average scores of admitted students at target colleges helps set appropriate goals.
31.0 ACT College Acceptance
31.1 Importance of ACT Scores
Understanding how ACT scores are used in college admissions can help students set target scores that align with their desired colleges’ requirements. ACT scores are an important component of college applications and can influence acceptance decisions.
31.2 Researching College Requirements
Students should research the ACT score requirements of their target colleges. Many colleges publish the average ACT scores of admitted students, providing valuable benchmarks for applicants.
31.3 Setting Realistic Goals
Setting realistic goals based on college requirements helps guide preparation and motivation. Students should aim for scores that are competitive but achievable based on their abilities and preparation level.
31.4 Highlighting ACT Scores
Students should highlight their ACT scores in their college applications, especially if they fall within or above the average range for their target colleges. High ACT scores can enhance an application and increase the chances of acceptance.
32.0 ACT Exam Study Apps
32.1 Benefits of Study Apps
ACT study apps offer convenient, on-the-go preparation options with interactive features and practice questions. These apps provide flexibility and accessibility, allowing students to study anytime and anywhere.
32.2 Choosing a Study App
When choosing a study app, students should consider factors such as app content, user interface, practice materials, and pricing. Reading reviews and comparing different apps can help identify the best options.
32.3 Features of Study Apps
High-quality study apps offer a range of features, including video lessons, interactive quizzes, practice questions, and progress tracking. Some apps also provide personalized feedback and study plans.
32.4 Maximizing App Benefits
To maximize the benefits of a study app, students should create a structured study plan and regularly engage with the app’s materials. Consistent use and active participation help build skills and confidence.
33.0 ACT Preparation Books
33.1 Importance of Prep Books
Investing in high-quality ACT preparation books can provide comprehensive content review and practice questions. Prep books are a valuable resource for systematic and effective preparation.
33.2 Choosing a Prep Book
When choosing a prep book, students should consider factors such as book content, practice materials, and user reviews. Selecting reputable and well-reviewed prep books ensures access to high-quality resources.
33.3 Features of ACT Prep Books
High-quality prep books offer a range of features, including comprehensive content review, practice questions, full-length practice tests, and detailed explanations. Some books also provide test-taking strategies and study tips.
33.4 Maximizing Book Benefits
To maximize the benefits of a prep book, students should create a study plan that includes regular reading and practice sessions. Reviewing explanations and understanding the reasoning behind correct answers helps build skills and confidence.
34.0 ACT Test Day Checklist
34.1 Importance of a Checklist
Preparing a test day checklist ensures that students have all necessary materials and are ready for the exam, reducing last-minute stress. A checklist helps organize and streamline preparations.
34.2 Essential Materials
Essential materials for test day include the admission ticket, photo ID, pencils, erasers, an approved calculator, and a watch. Students should gather these materials in advance to avoid any issues on test day.
34.3 Additional Items
Additional items that may be helpful include a snack, water bottle, and a jacket. Comfortable clothing and a good night’s sleep also contribute to a successful test day.
34.4 Reviewing the Checklist
Reviewing the checklist the night before the test ensures that everything is prepared and ready. Arriving at the test center early with all necessary materials helps reduce stress and allows time to settle in before the test begins.
35.0 ACT Exam Practice Test
35.1 Importance of Practice Tests
Taking full-length ACT practice tests under timed conditions is crucial for building test-taking stamina and familiarity with the exam format. Practice tests help develop pacing skills and reduce anxiety on test day.
35.2 Simulating Test Conditions
To get the most out of practice tests, students should take them under timed conditions in a quiet, distraction-free environment. This practice helps replicate the actual test experience and build endurance.
35.3 Reviewing Practice Tests
After completing practice tests, students should thoroughly review their answers, identify mistakes, and understand the reasoning behind correct answers. This review process helps identify areas for improvement and refine test-taking strategies.
35.4 Tracking Progress
Regularly taking practice tests helps track progress and build confidence. Students should compare their scores over time to monitor improvements and adjust their study plans accordingly.
36.0 ACT Test Prep
36.1 Effective Preparation Strategies
ACT test prep involves a combination of reviewing content, practicing test questions, and developing effective test-taking strategies. A comprehensive and systematic approach is essential for success.
36.2 Using Multiple Resources
Using a variety of resources, such as prep books, online courses, practice questions, and tutoring services, enhances preparation. Different resources provide different perspectives and approaches to test content and strategies.
36.3 Regular Practice
Regular practice is essential for building skills and confidence. Students should complete practice questions and full-length practice tests under timed conditions to simulate the actual test experience. Reviewing answers and explanations helps identify mistakes and understand the reasoning behind correct answers.
36.4 Seeking Support
Seeking support from teachers, tutors, and peers can provide valuable insights and motivation. Group study sessions and discussion forums offer opportunities to share knowledge and strategies. Personalized tutoring services can address individual weaknesses and provide targeted support.
37.0 ACT Test Dates
37.1 Importance of Test Dates
Being aware of ACT test dates helps in planning the preparation schedule and ensuring timely registration. Test dates are typically available multiple times a year, providing flexibility for students.
37.2 Choosing a Test Date
When selecting a test date, students should consider their academic and extracurricular schedules. It is important to choose a date that allows ample time for preparation and does not conflict with other commitments.
37.3 Planning Preparation
Knowing the ACT test dates allows students to plan their preparation schedule accordingly. It’s important to start studying well in advance and create a study plan that includes regular practice and review sessions.
37.4 Retaking the ACT Exam
Some students may choose to take the ACT more than once to improve their scores. Planning for multiple test dates can provide opportunities to address weaknesses and build confidence. It’s important to analyse previous test performances and adjust study strategies for subsequent attempts.
38.0 ACT Test Registration
38.1 Registration Process
The ACT test registration process involves selecting a test date, choosing a test center, and completing the registration form online. Students can register through the official ACT website or by mail.
38.2 Registration Fees
The registration fee for the ACT includes the cost of the test and, if chosen, the optional Writing section. Fee waivers are available for eligible students who demonstrate financial need. Students can apply for a fee waiver through their high school counselor.
38.3 Registration Deadlines
Being aware of ACT registration deadlines ensures timely registration and avoids late fees. It’s important to mark these dates on your calendar and register as early as possible.
38.4 Confirming Registration
After registering, students should receive a confirmation email with details about their test date and location. It’s important to review this information and contact ACT customer service if there are any issues or discrepancies.
39.0 ACT Scores
39.1 Understanding Scores
ACT scores are an important component of college applications. Understanding the scoring system and how scores are reported can help in interpreting results. The composite score ranges from 1 to 36, with section scores also falling within this range.
39.2 Reporting Scores
Students can choose which ACT scores to send to colleges. Some colleges require all test scores, while others allow students to choose their highest scores. Understanding each college’s requirements helps in making informed decisions about score reporting.
39.3 Score Reports
Score reports include the composite score, section scores, and, if taken, the Writing score. Reports also include percentile ranks and college readiness benchmarks. Reviewing score reports helps understand strengths and areas for improvement.
39.4 Retaking the ACT Exam
Students may choose to retake the ACT to improve their scores. Planning for multiple test dates and analyzing previous test performances helps refine study strategies and achieve higher scores.
40.0 ACT Test Prep Courses
40.1 Benefits of Prep Courses
Enrolling in comprehensive ACT test prep courses can provide structured learning, expert guidance, and extensive practice. Prep courses offer content review, practice questions, and test-taking strategies.
40.2 Types of Prep Courses
There are various types of ACT prep courses, including online courses, in-person classes, and hybrid options. Each type has its own advantages and can cater to different learning styles and schedules.
40.3 Choosing a The ACT Prep Course
When choosing a prep course, students should consider factors such as course content, instructional quality, practice materials, and pricing. Reading reviews and comparing different courses can help identify the best options.
40.4 Maximizing Course Benefits
To maximize the benefits of a prep course, students should actively engage with the materials, participate in interactive sessions, and complete all assigned practice questions and tests. Regular attendance and consistent effort are key to achieving significant improvements.
41.0 ACT Study Guide
41.1 Importance of a Study Guide
Using an ACT study guide helps organize study efforts and ensures all test topics are covered. A well-structured study guide provides comprehensive content review, practice questions, and test-taking strategies.
41.2 Choosing a Study Guide
When choosing a study guide, students should consider factors such as content coverage, practice materials, and user reviews. Selecting reputable and well-reviewed study guides ensures access to high-quality resources.
41.3 Features of a Study Guide
High-quality study guides offer a range of features, including comprehensive content review, practice questions, full-length practice tests, and detailed explanations. Some guides also provide test-taking strategies and study tips.
41.4 Maximizing Guide Benefits
To maximize the benefits of a study guide, students should create a study plan that includes regular reading and practice sessions. Reviewing explanations and understanding the reasoning behind correct answers helps build skills and confidence.
42.0 ACT Sample Questions
42.1 Importance of Sample Questions
Practicing with ACT sample questions familiarizes students with the question formats and types they will encounter on the test. Sample questions provide valuable insights into the format and difficulty level of the test.
42.2 Sources of Sample Questions
There are numerous sources of ACT sample questions, including official ACT prep materials, prep books, online resources, and tutoring services. The ACT website offers free sample questions and official practice tests.
42.3 Types of Sample Questions
ACT sample questions come in various formats, including multiple-choice questions, passage-based questions, and math problems. Each section of the ACT has specific question types that test different skills. Familiarizing oneself with these question types is essential for effective preparation.
42.4 Reviewing Sample Questions
After completing sample questions, students should review their answers, identify mistakes, and understand the reasoning behind correct answers. This review process helps identify areas for improvement and refine test-taking strategies.
43.0 ACT Math Practice
43.1 Importance of Math Practice
Regular ACT math practice is essential for mastering the mathematical concepts tested on the exam. Practice helps build problem-solving skills and familiarity with different question types.
43.2 Key Math Concepts
Students should review key math concepts such as equations, inequalities, functions, coordinate geometry, plane geometry, and trigonometry. Mastery of these topics is essential for success on the ACT Math section.
43.3 Problem-Solving Strategies
Effective problem-solving strategies can significantly impact ACT Math scores. These strategies include understanding the question, identifying relevant information, and applying appropriate mathematical techniques. Practice and familiarity with different problem types enhance problem-solving skills.
43.4 Calculator Use
Calculators are permitted in the ACT Math section, but students should be familiar with both calculator and non-calculator problem-solving techniques. Knowing when and how to use a calculator efficiently can save time and reduce errors.
44.0 ACT English Practice
44.1 Importance of English Practice
ACT English practice helps improve grammar, punctuation, and rhetorical skills needed for the English section of the test. Regular practice builds familiarity with question types and improves accuracy.
44.2 Key Grammar Rules
Students should review key grammar rules such as subject-verb agreement, verb tenses, pronoun usage, modifiers, and parallelism. Mastery of these rules is essential for success on the ACT English section.
44.3 Punctuation
Punctuation is an important aspect of the ACT English section. Students should be familiar with the proper use of commas, semicolons, colons, dashes, and apostrophes. Understanding punctuation rules helps improve clarity and accuracy in writing.
44.4 Rhetorical Skills
In addition to grammar and punctuation, the ACT English section tests rhetorical skills. Students should practice improving sentence structure, coherence, and overall flow of passages. Understanding how to enhance the effectiveness of writing is crucial for success.
45.0 ACT Science Practice
45.1 Importance of Science Practice
Practicing ACT science questions enhances scientific reasoning skills and helps students perform better in the Science section. Regular practice builds familiarity with question types and improves accuracy.
45.2 Interpreting Graphs and Charts
A significant portion of the ACT Science section involves interpreting graphs, charts, and tables. Students should practice analyzing data representations and understanding the relationships between variables. Familiarity with different types of graphs and charts is essential.
45.3 Analyzing Experiments
The ACT Science section includes questions that require students to analyze experiments. Students should practice identifying variables, understanding experimental design, and drawing conclusions based on experimental data. Critical thinking and logical reasoning are key skills for this section.
45.4 Understanding Scientific Theories
Some questions in the ACT Science section involve understanding and evaluating scientific theories and hypotheses. Students should practice reading and interpreting scientific passages, identifying key concepts, and comparing different perspectives. Developing these skills helps improve performance on the science section.
46.0 ACT Exam Reading Practice
46.1 Importance of Reading Practice
ACT reading practice improves comprehension skills and helps students manage their time effectively during the Reading section. Regular practice builds familiarity with question types and improves accuracy.
46.2 Skimming and Scanning
Effective reading comprehension strategies include skimming and scanning. Skimming involves quickly reading through a passage to get a general idea of the content, while scanning involves looking for specific information or keywords. These techniques help improve reading speed and comprehension.
46.3 Identifying Main Ideas
Identifying the main ideas of passages is crucial for success on the ACT Reading section. Students should practice summarizing the main points and understanding the overall message of each passage. Recognizing the author’s purpose and tone also helps answer questions accurately.
46.4 Answering Detail Questions
Detail questions require students to find and interpret specific information from the passage. Practicing these types of questions helps improve attention to detail and accuracy. Students should refer back to the passage and carefully read the relevant sections to find the correct answers.
47.0 ACT Writing Practice
47.1 Importance of Writing Practice
Practicing ACT writing prompts helps students develop their essay-writing skills and understand what is required for a high score in the Writing section. Regular practice builds familiarity with the essay format and improves writing ability.
47.2 Developing a Thesis
A strong thesis is the foundation of a good ACT essay. Students should practice developing clear, concise, and arguable thesis statements that directly address the prompt. The thesis should present the student’s perspective and outline the main points that will be discussed in the essay.
47.3 Structuring the Essay
A well-structured essay includes an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. The introduction should present the thesis and provide context for the argument. Each body paragraph should focus on a specific point, supported by evidence and examples. The conclusion should summarize the main points and restate the thesis in light of the discussion.
47.4 Analyzing Perspectives
The ACT Writing section requires students to analyze different perspectives on an issue. Students should practice identifying the strengths and weaknesses of each perspective and comparing them to their own. Understanding and addressing counter arguments strengthens the overall argument.
48.0 Best ACT Prep Books
48.1 Importance of Prep Books
Using the best ACT prep books provides students with comprehensive review materials and practice questions to aid their preparation. High-quality prep books offer valuable insights and strategies for success.
48.2 Choosing a Prep Book
When choosing a prep book, students should consider factors such as content coverage, practice materials, and user reviews. Selecting reputable and well-reviewed prep books ensures access to high-quality resources.
48.3 Features of Prep Books
High-quality prep books offer a range of features, including comprehensive content review, practice questions, full-length practice tests, and detailed explanations. Some books also provide test-taking strategies and study tips.
48.4 Maximizing Book Benefits
To maximize the benefits of a prep book, students should create a study plan that includes regular reading and practice sessions. Reviewing explanations and understanding the reasoning behind correct answers helps build skills and confidence.
49.0 Free ACT Practice Tests
49.1 Importance of Free Practice Tests
Free ACT practice tests are valuable resources that allow students to practice under real test conditions without incurring additional costs. These tests provide valuable insights into the format and difficulty level of the test.
49.2 Sources of Free Practice Tests
There are numerous sources of free ACT practice tests, including the official ACT website, online platforms, and educational institutions. Exploring different sources helps find practice tests that align with individual preparation needs.
49.3 Simulating Test Conditions
To get the most out of free practice tests, students should take them under timed conditions in a quiet, distraction-free environment. This practice helps replicate the actual test experience and build endurance.
49.4 Reviewing Practice Tests
After completing free practice tests, students should thoroughly review their answers, identify mistakes, and understand the reasoning behind correct answers. This review process helps identify areas for improvement and refine test-taking strategies.
50.0 ACT Online Practice Test
50.1 Importance of Online Practice Tests
Online practice tests provide the convenience of preparing for the ACT test from any location with internet access. These tests offer flexibility and accessibility, allowing students to practice anytime and anywhere.
50.2 Choosing an Online Practice Test
When choosing an online practice test, students should consider factors such as test content, user interface, and pricing. Selecting reputable and well-reviewed online tests ensures access to high-quality resources.
50.3 Features of Online Practice Tests
High-quality online practice tests offer a range of features, including timed conditions, detailed explanations, and progress tracking. Some tests also provide personalized feedback and study plans.
50.4 Maximizing Test Benefits
To maximize the benefits of an online practice test, students should create a structured study plan and regularly engage with the test’s materials. Consistent practice and active participation help build skills and confidence.
51.0 ACT Prep
51.1 Importance of Comprehensive Prep
Effective ACT prep combines a variety of resources and strategies to ensure thorough preparation for the test. A comprehensive and systematic approach is essential for success.
51.2 Using Multiple Resources
Using a variety of resources, such as prep books, online courses, practice questions, and tutoring services, enhances preparation. Different resources provide different perspectives and approaches to test content and strategies.
51.3 Regular Practice
Regular practice is essential for building skills and confidence. Students should complete practice questions and full-length practice tests under timed conditions to simulate the actual test experience. Reviewing answers and explanations helps identify mistakes and understand the reasoning behind correct answers.
51.4 Seeking Support
Seeking support from teachers, tutors, and peers can provide valuable insights and motivation. Group study sessions and discussion forums offer opportunities to share knowledge and strategies. Personalized tutoring services can address individual weaknesses and provide targeted support.